FINAL REPORT
WASTE PACKAGE MATERIALS PERFORMANCE
PEER REVIEW PANEL

Front Matter

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2. MAIN FINDINGS
 2.1 Perspective
 2.2 Overall Findings
 2.3 Corrosion Degradation Modes
 2.4 Higher or Lower Temperature Operating Modes
 2.5 Long-Term Uniform Corrosion of Passive Metal
 2.6 Alloy Specification and Comparison
 2.7 Technical Issues to be Resolved
 2.8 Organizational-Managerial Issues

3. SUMMARY OF DEGRADATION MODES AND CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
 3.1 Introduction
 3.2 Repository Conditions: Overview of Time, Temperature, Environment
 3.3 Composition of Aqueous Environments
 3.4 Metallurgical Stability
 3.5 Long Term Uniform Corrosion
 3.6 Localized Corrosion
 3.7 Stress Corrosion Cracking
 3.8 Hydrogen Effects
 3.9 Fabrication of Waste Packages
 3.10 Radiation Effects
 3.11 Ennoblement

4. REPOSITORY CONDITIONS AND POTENTIAL DEGRADATION MODES
 4.1 Repository Conditions: Overview of Time, Temperature, Environment
  4.1.1 Time-Temperature-Relative Humidity
  4.1.2 Presence of Moisture
  4.1.3 Composition of Waters and Corrosive Environments
  4.1.4 Atmospheric conditions
  4.1.5 Mechanical loads and stresses on Waste Packages
  4.1.6 Damage Processes and Waste Package Penetrations
 4.2 Potential Degradation Modes

5. COMPOSITION OF AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS
 5.1 Introduction
  5.1.1 Physical Description of the Aqueous Environments on Metal Surfaces
  5.1.2 Net Infiltration Rate: Availability of Seepage Waters
  5.1.3 Relevance of Environment Development Scenarios to Engineered Components
 5.2 Crucial Technical Issues for the Waste Package Environment
  5.2.1 Determination of Extremes of Environments
  5.2.2 Appropriate Corrosion Testing Environments
  5.2.3 Modeling of the Chemistry
 5.3 Assessment of Project Approach to Technical Issues
  5.3.1 Plausible Extremes of Environments
  5.3.2 Defining the Plausible Bounds of the Environment
  5.3.3 Validation of Modeling of Chemistry
 5.4 Conclusions and Recommendations

6. MATERIALS: METALLURGICAL STABILITY
 6.1 Summary of Issues
 6.2 Assessment of Current Project Data and Analysis to Support Long-Term Performance Projections
 6.3 Approach, analysis, methods and plans to support long term performance projections
  6.3.1 Precipitation
  6.3.2 Ordering Reactions
  6.3.3 Impurity Segregation
  6.3.4 Grain Growth
  6.3.5 Alloy Specification

7. Long-Term Uniform Corrosion of Passive Metals
 7.1 Issues of Importance to the Uniform Corrosion Resistance of Alloy 22
 7.2 Project's Approach to Long-Term Uniform Corrosion
  7.2.1 Structure and Composition of the Films Formed on Alloy 22
  7.2.2 The Uniform Corrosion of Alloy 22 in the Passive State
  7.2.3 Uniform Corrosion Alloy 22 in the Transpassive State
  7.2.4 Measurement of the Uniform Corrosion Rate of Alloy 22
  7.2.5 Modeling of the Passive Film and Uniform Corrosion Rate of Alloy 22
 7.3 Assessment and Recommendations
  7.3.1 Structure and Composition of the Passive Films and Oxide Films of Alloy 22
  7.3.2 Uniform Corrosion Rate of Alloy 22
  7.3.3 Uniform Corrosion Alloy 22 in the Transpassive State
  7.3.4 Measurement of the Uniform Corrosion Rate of Alloy 22
  7.3.5 Modeling of the Passive Film and the Uniform Corrosion Rate of Alloy 22
References

8. Localized Corrosion
 8.1 Introduction
  8.1.1 Localized Corrosion Phenomenology and Controlling Parameters
  8.1.2 Review of Susceptibility of Waste Package Materials to Localized Corrosion
 8.2 Description of the Yucca Mountain Project Approach to Localized Corrosion
  8.2.1 Basis of Project Model: E Approach
  8.2.2 Generation of Data
  8.2.3 Interpretation of Data
  8.2.4 Application of Data in Model
  8.2.5 Alternative Approaches to Prediction of Waste Package Localized Corrosion
  8.2.6 Work Planned for the DOE Project
 8.3 Assessment and Recommendations
  8.3.1 Project Approach
  8.3.2 Issues to be Addressed
 8.4 Conclusions
 8.5 Bibliography

9. Stress Corrosion Cracking
 9.1 Description of Stress Corrosion Cracking
  9.1.1 Definition of Stress Corrosion Cracking
  9.1.2 Relevance of Stress Corrosion Cracking to Repository Life
 9.2 Processes and Controlling Parameters
  9.2.1 Effect of Stress
  9.2.2 Effect of Environment
  9.2.3 Effect of Metallurgy
 9.3 Proposed SCC Life Prediction Models
  9.3.1 Threshold Stress Intensity Model
  9.3.2 Slip Dissolution/Film Rupture Model
 9.4 Data and Model Application
  9.4.1 Threshold Stress Intensity Model
  9.4.2 Slip Dissolution/Film Rupture Model
 9.5 Important Technical Issues
  9.5.1 Threshold Stress Intensity Model
  9.5.2 Slip Dissolution/Film Rupture Model
  9.5.3 Stress Mitigation
  9.5.4 Alloy Stability
  9.5.5 Environmental Considerations
 9.6 Recommendations
  9.6.1 Threshold Stress Intensity Model
  9.6.2 Slip Dissolution/Film Rupture Model
  9.6.3 Alternative Stress Corrosion Cracking Models
  9.6.4 Stress Mitigation and Alloy Stability
  9.6.5 Environmental Considerations
References

10. Hydrogen Effects
 10.1 Introduction
 10.2 The Physical Metallurgy of Hydrogen Susceptibilty
References

11. Contributing Factors
 11.1 Design and Fabrication Factors
  11.1.1 Fabrication Processes and Metallurgy: Sub-Panel Meeting
  11.1.2 Development of Weld Procedures
  11.1.3 Composition Effects within the Chemical Specification for Alloy 22
  11.1.4 Residual Stress in Stainless Steel Cylinders from Quenching
  11.1.5 Corrosion Product Passive Films: Effect of Surface Finish
 11.2 Corrosion, Chemistry and Metallurgy Factors
  11.2.1 Localized Corrosion: Phenomenology and Controlling Parameters
  11.2.2 Water Composition within Yucca Mountain
  11.2.3 Localized Corrosion: Chemistry and Radiolysis Effects
  11.2.4 Passive Films and the Long-Term Uniform Corrosion Resistance of Alloy 22
  11.2.5 Inhibition of Localized Corrosion by Non-Halide Anions
  11.2.6 Passivity-Induced Ennoblement
  11.2.7 Localized Corrosion: Temperature Effects
  11.2.8 Repassivation Potential as a Measure of Crevice Corrosion Susceptibility
  11.2.9 Formation of an Aqueous Environment from Condensation in Dust Layer
  11.2.10 Statistical and stochastic aspects of corrosion life prediction
  11.2.11 Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion
  11.2.12 Radiation Effects
  11.2.13 High-Temperature Corrosion Related to Waste Package Corrosion
  11.2.14 Interfacial Segregation in Nickel Base Alloys
  11.2.15 Effect of Grain Boundary Precipitates
  11.2.16 Effect of Stress Relaxation
  11.2.17 Corrosion of Nickel Base Alloys in Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems
  11.2.18 Atmospheric Corrosion of Nickel Base Alloys
  11.2.19 Corrosion Of Stainless Alloys And Titanium In Peroxide Solutions

APPENDICES

Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Waste Package Materials Performance Peer Review Panel Members

Appendix C: Objective Sub-issues and Pre-defined Questions for the Peer Review

Appendix D: Roster of Subject Matter Experts

Appendix E: Special Topic Reports

FIGURES

Figure 1. Predicted crack velocity for Alloy 22 based on slip dissolution model as a function of stress intensity factor and assumed value of n

Figure 2. Predicted life for an Alloy 22 canister based on slip dissolution model as a function of stress intensity factor and assumed value of n

TABLES

Table 7.2 - II Characterization of the Passive Films of Alloy 22 as a Function of Time of Immersion in 90°C SAW

Table 7.2.3-I  Values of Key Electrochemical Parameters of Alloy 22 Immersed in SAW at 90°C for 24h

Table 7.2.2-I  Measurements of Corrosion Rate of Alloy 22